B
Basal Area
Forestry term used to refer to the density of a stand of trees, expressed in square feet/acre.
Bedding
A technique whereby a small ridge of surface soil is formed to provide an elevated planting or seed bed. In Florida, it is used primarily in wet areas to improve soil drainage and aeration for seedlings.
Borrow Pit
An excavation site outside the limits of construction to provide material necessary to that construction, such as fill materials for road construction.
Broad-Base Dips
A periodic reversal in the grade of a permanent access road for the purpose of intercepting and diverting surface water flow without seriously impeding vehicular traffic.
C
Cavity Tree (Den Tree)
Mature hardwood and softwood trees that are hollow and typically of the older age classes that are used by certain birds and other small wildlife species for shelter and habitat.
Canal
A totally man-made water body; does not include streams that have been modified by dredging or straightening.
Chopping
A mechanical treatment whereby vegetation is concentrated near the ground and incorporated into the soil. Chopping may be used to facilitate burning or to decrease rough to improve planting conditions.
Class l Waters
Water bodies that serve as sources of portable water supply; designated by the State for additional water quality protection.
Clear-cutting
A silviculture system in which all merchantable timber is harvested within a specified area in one operation.
Cross Ditch
A shallow depression built diagonally across a road or trail for the purpose of diverting surface water off the road surface.
Cross-Drain Culvert
A metal, wooden, plastic or concrete conduit through which ditch flow is directed underneath the road surface to the opposite side of the road.
D
Detritus
Natural woody debris such as leaves, branches, etc., provided by trees - serves as a food source for certain aquatic insects.
Ditch Plugs
Materials used to partially or completely obstruct the flow of water in a ditch.
E
Erodible Soils
Those soils identified as being subject to erosion based on soil texture, composition and topography.
Erosion
The process by which soil particles are detached and transported by water, wind or gravity to some downslope or down-stream deposition point.
F
Fertilizers
Any substance or combination of substances used primarily as a source of plant nutrition or soil amendment.
Firelines
Artificial barriers typically established by plowing and/or harrowing to contain fires within an area.
Flowing Wetland
A wetland that has a surface connection to a well defined stream channel at one or more points, and has a definite stormwater inflow and/or outflow.
Foam Lines
Type of fireline that incorporates the use of fire-resistant foam material in lieu of, or in addition to plowing or harrowing.
Forestry
The profession embracing the science, art, and practice of creating, managing, using and conserving forests and associated resources for human benefit and in a sustainable manner to meet desired goals, needs, and values.
H
Hard Surface Crossings (Fords)
Rock, brick, logs, and other stable materials placed on the bottom of certain perennial or intermittent stream channels to accommodate light traffic during periods of low water flow.
Harrowing (Disking)
A mechanical means soil tillage to reduce competing vegetation and to prepare a site to be seeded.
Harvest Unit
Refers to an area of specific size and location where timber harvesting operations are being performed.
Haul (Spur) Roads
Temporary forest roads constructed to facilitate the transport of timber or other forestry related activities.
Herbicide
A chemical substance used to destroy or inhibit the growth of plants, especially weeds.
Hydric Soils
Soils exhibiting a considerably wet nature, typically characterized by a dark color and associated with wetlands.
Hydrology
The scientific study of the properties, distribution, and effects of water on the earth's surface, in the soil and underlaying rocks and in the atmosphere.
Hydroperiod
Period of time during which soils, water bodies, and sites are wet.
I
Impoundment Areas
Those areas in which water is artificially stored or impounded.
Intermittent Stream
A stream that has a well defined channel but maintains only seasonal flow under typical climatic conditions.
K
K-Factor
An index representing the potential erodibility of a soil, by water based on soil texture.
L
Leave Trees
Large mast producing and/or cavity trees which are representative of the older age classes of the stand and are considered valuable for wildlife, or related ecological purposes.
Logging Debris
The unused and generally unmarketable accumulation of woody material, such as limbs, tops, cull logs and stumps that remain as forest residue after timber harvesting.
M
Mast-Producing Trees
Various species of trees considered valuable for the production of food for wildlife.
Modified Stream
A natural watercourse which has been dredged or straightened.
N
Non-Point Source (NPS)
Water pollution which is not traceable to any discrete or identifiable facility but rather is generated by activities in a broad treatment area.
O
OFWs Outstanding Florida Waters
Water bodies which exhibit unique characters in terms of quality and value designated by the State for additional protection from pollution and degradation.
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ONRWs Outstanding National Resource Waters
Water bodies which exhibit characteristics that meet specific water quality standards for national designation for protection from pollution and degradation.
P
Perennial Stream
A watercourse that flows in a well-defined channel throughout most of the year under typical climatic conditions.
Pesticides
Chemical substances, either liquid or granular, that are used for the control or eradication of undesirable insects, disease, vegetation, animals and other organisms. Herbicides, Insecticides, Fungicides and Nematicides are all considered.
Pollutants
Natural or man-made waste material that contaminates air, soil, or water.
Public Lands
Those lands which are wholly owned and managed by any unit of local, regional, state or federal government. Lands not wholly owned (i.e., lease, wildlife management agreement, easement, life estate, purchase agreement, etc.) may limit the terms of control by a unit of government.
R
Raking
Component of site preparation in which trees, stumps, roots, and logging slash are piled and/or pushed into windrows by tractors equipped with customized blades with rake tines across the bottom.
Refuse
Inorganic waste materials such as metal, rubber, plastic, and glass.
Regeneration
The young tree crop that either artificially or naturally follows a stand of older trees removed by harvest and/or disaster.
Rip-rap
Aggregate stone material placed on potentially erodible sites to reduce the impact of rain or surface runoff on these areas.
Rotation
The period of time required to establish, grow, and harvest a crop of trees at a specified stage of maturity.
S
Sediment
Soil particles which have been detached and transported by water during the process of erosion.
Seed Tree Cut
Method of timber harvesting that provides for the natural regeneration of a site by leaving single, or small groups of, seed-bearing trees distributed throughout the harvest area.
Selection Cut
Removal of select trees within a forest stand based on some economic or physiological criteria. Generally results in uneven aged stands.
Shelterwood Cut
Removal of mature timber within a forest stand in a series of harvests which extend over a relatively short portion of the rotation in order to encourage the establishment of essentially even-aged reproduction under the partial shelter of seed trees.
Silviculture
The art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forest and woodland vegetation to meet the diverse interests of landowners and a wide variety of objectives.
Site Preparation
Measures employed on a site to dispose of debris, reduce competitive vegetation, and prepare the soil for artificial or natural regeneration.
Site Preparation (Prescribed) Burning
The silviculture practice of using regulated fires to reduce or eliminate debris and vegetation in preparation for tree planting.
Site Sensitivity Class (SSC)
An index of an area's susceptibility to erosion and sediment production, based on soil type and slope.
Skid
Moving of logs or felled trees from the stump to the loading point.
Skidder
Heavy equipment designed for transporting logs and felled trees within the harvest site.
Skid Trails
A temporary road used for the skidding logs in the forest.
Slash
Wood residue, usually tree limbs and tops, left on the ground after an area has been logged.
Slope
An index of the change in elevation of a land area. Often referred to as a ratio of rise over run; normally expressed in percent.
Snag Trees
Typically isolated standing dead trees characterized by hollow trunks and/or limbs which may provide habitat for wildlife.
Stand
A contiguous group of trees sufficiently uniform in species composition, arrangement of age classes and condition to be a homogeneous and distinguishable unit.
Stringer
Narrow strip of trees left on and/or near the banks of intermittent streams, lakes and sinkholes for purposes of stabilization, water quality protection, and wildlife habitat.
Special Management Zone (SMZ)
An area of varying width adjacent to a watercourse in which special management precautions are necessary to protect natural resources.
Streamside Management Zone
The term Streamside Management Zone has been changed to Special Management Zone.
Swale
A gently sloping depression designed to transport intermittent runoff from storm events.
T
Turbidity
An optical measurement of the relative clarity of water.
W
Water Bar
A mound of soil built across a light-duty road, skid trail, or fireline, for the purpose of diverting surface water.
Water body
Any river, creek, slough, canal, lake, reservoir, pond, sinkhole or other natural or artificial watercourse which flows within a defined channel or is contained within a discernable shoreline.
Water Control Structure
Any structure used to regulate surface or subsurface water levels.
Water Turnout
The extension of a road ditch into a vegetated area to provide for the dispersion and filtration of stormwater runoff.
Wetland
An area that is regularly saturated by surface water or ground water and is characterized by a prevalence of vegetation that is adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Common wetland types include bay heads, bogs, bottomland hardwood swamps, cypress domes, cypress ponds, flag ponds, gum ponds, gum swamps, hydric hammocs, pitcher plant bogs, river and creek floodplain swamps, sawgrass marshes, seepage slopes, seepage swamps, sloughs, strand swamps, wet prairies, and willow heads.
Wetland Flow-way
That area of a flowing wetland where stormwater moves within variable dimensions instead of a well defined channel. The area of flow in this case has enough general confinement to exhibit some stormflow characteristics, and is evidenced by, but not limited to: drift lines/racks, sediment deposits, soil and root scour, absence of litter/ground cover - all in a generally linear position.
Wildfire
Any fire other than a controlled, prescribed fire.
Windrow
Logging debris and unmerchantable woody vegetation, piled in rows on the contour of the land.
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